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电子显微镜，简称电镜，是使用电子来展示物件的内部或表面的显微镜。 高速的电子的波长比可见光的波长短（波粒二象性），而显微镜的分辨率受其使用的波长的限制，因此电子显微镜的分辨率（约0.1纳米）远高于光学显微镜的分辨率（约200纳米）。 电子显微镜的主要组成部分是：

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电子源是一个释放自由电子的阴极，一个环状的阳极加速电子。阴极和阳极之间的电压差必须非常高，一般在数千伏到3百万伏之间。 电子透镜用来聚焦电子。一般使用的是磁透镜，有时也有使用静电透镜的。电子透镜的作用与光学显微镜中的光学透镜的作用是一样的。光学透镜的焦点是固定的，而电子透镜的焦点可以被调节，因此电子显微镜不象光学显微镜那样有可以移动的透镜系统。 真空装置。真空装置用以保障显微镜内的真空状态，这样电子在其路径上不会被吸收或偏向。 样品架。样品可以稳定地放在样本架上。此外往往还有可以用来改变样品（如移动、转动、加热、降温、拉长等）的装置。 探测器，用来收集电子的信号或次级信号。 Electron microscopy, electron microscopy for short, is to demonstrate the use of electronic object or surface within the microscope. High-speed electronics than the wavelength of visible light wave length (wave-particle duality), while the microscope resolution by its restrictions on the use of wavelength, so the resolution of electron microscopy (about 0.1 nm) is much higher than the resolution of optical microscopy (about 200 nm). Electron microscopy, the main components are: E-source is a release of free electrons of the cathode, a ring-shaped anode accelerates the electrons. Between the cathode and the anode voltage difference must be very high, typically a few kV to between 3 million volts. Electron lens is used to focus on electronics. Commonly used is a magnetic lens, and sometimes also use the electrostatic lens. The role of electronic and optical microscope lens in the optical lens effect is the same. Optical lens focus is fixed, and e-focus lens can be adjusted, therefore, unlike electron microscopy, optical microscopy, as there could be moving lens system. Vacuum. Vacuum devices for the protection of the vacuum inside the microscope, so that electrons in its path will not be absorbed or bias. Sample holder. Samples can be stable on the sample rack. In addition, there often can be used to change the sample (such as movement, rotation, heating, cooling, stretching, etc.) devices. Detector, used to collect electronic signals or sub-signals.

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